Задача: подготовить пул ZFS для размещения на нем ресурсов Samba-сервера.

Для начала создаем раздел GPT:

gpart create -s gpt /dev/ada1 #создаем раздел GPT

Далее создаем zfs-раздел с меткой disk1, используя весь диск:

gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l disk1 /dev/ada1 

ls /dev/gpt

Чтобы создать партицию определенного размера (в данном случае 2Тб), причем указываем метку после параметра -l:

gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l diskmirror1 -s 2T /dev/ada1

Создаем зеркало на ZFS:

• Сначала просто пул на одном диске (обратите внимание, используем метки):

zpool create -m /files/mirror zfsdatamirror /dev/gpt/diskmirror1

здесь /files/mirror - точка монтирования пула

• а затем добавляем второй диск (тоже через метки) и тем самым получаем «зеркало»:

zpool attach zfsdatamirror /dev/gpt/diskmirror1 /dev/gpt/diskmirror2

Cделаем теперь «страйп», если нужно:

zpool create –m /files/stripe zfsdatastripe /dev/gpt/diskstripe1 /dev/gpt/diskstripe2

Теперь сделаем файловую систему на страйпе (аналогично на зеркале) с именем Designers:

zfs create zfsdatastripe/Designers

Далее некоторый свод команд для пула с именем zfspool:

zfs set mountpoint=/files zfspool #создаем точку монтирования ZFS
zfs set aclmode=passthrough zfspool #ставим 'сквозной' режим работы ACL
zfs set aclinherit=passthrough zfspool #устанавливаем 'сквозное' наследование ACL
zfs set atime=off zfspool #отключаем метку времени доступа к файлам 
zfs set exec=off zfspool #отключаем запуск программ на разделе
zfs set setuid=off zfspool #отключаем бит выполнения от другого пользователя
zfs set compression=gzip zfspool #ставим сжатие данных на разделе
zfs set dedup=on zfspool #ставим дедубликацию данных(сильно снижает дисковую производительность)

Включаем zfs в rc.conf, если еще не сделано:

echo 'zfs_enable="YES"' >> /mnt/etc/rc.conf

В /boot/loader.conf прописываем:

zfs_load="YES"

Если после перезагрузки пул не примонтировался по каким-либо причинам:

zpool import -R /mnt_new -f zfspool

В сети натолкнулся на статью, к сожалению не помню ссылку на автора:

Система

• Case - Supermicro SC733T-645B
• MB - Supermicro X7SBA
• CPU - Intel Core 2 Duo E8400
• RAM - CT2KIT25672AA800, 4GB ECC
• RAM - CT2KIT25672AA80E, 4GB ECC
• Disk - Intel X25-V SSD (ada0, boot)
• Disk - WD1002FAEX (ada1, ZFS «data» pool)
• Disk - WD2001FASS (ada2, ZFS «backups» pool)

Samba

В smb.conf:

[global]
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_SNDBUF=131072 SO_RCVBUF=131072
use sendfile = no
min receivefile size = 16384
aio read size = 16384
aio write size = 16384
aio write behind = yes

ZFS пулы

pool: backups

state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config:

      NAME        STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
      backups     ONLINE       0     0     0
        ada2      ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

pool: data

state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config:

      NAME        STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
      data        ONLINE       0     0     0
        ada1      ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Тюнинг ZFS

Your tunings here are «wild» (meaning all over the place). Your use of vfs.zfs.txg.synctime=«1» is probably hurting you quite badly, in addition to your choice to enable prefetching (every ZFS FreeBSD system I've used has benefit tremendously from having prefetching disabled, even on systems with 8GB RAM and more). You do not need to specify vm.kmem_size_max, so please remove that. Keeping vm.kmem_size is fine. Also get rid of your vdev tunings, I'm not sure why you have those.

My relevant /boot/loader.conf tunings for 8.2-RELEASE (note to readers: the version of FreeBSD you're running, and build date, matters greatly here so do not just blindly apply these without thinking first):

# We use Samba built with AIO support; we need this module!
aio_load="yes"

# Increase vm.kmem_size to allow for ZFS ARC to utilise more memory.
vm.kmem_size="8192M"
vfs.zfs.arc_max="6144M"

# Disable ZFS prefetching
# http://southbrain.com/south/2008/04/the-nightmare-comes-slowly-zfs.html
# Increases overall speed of ZFS, but when disk flushing/writes occur,
# system is less responsive (due to extreme disk I/O).
# NOTE: Systems with 8GB of RAM or more have prefetch enabled by
# default.
vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable="1"

# Decrease ZFS txg timeout value from 30 (default) to 5 seconds.  This
# should increase throughput and decrease the "bursty" stalls that
# happen during immense I/O with ZFS.
# http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-fs/2009-December/007343.html
# http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-fs/2009-December/007355.html
vfs.zfs.txg.timeout="5"

sysctl tunings

Please note that the below kern.maxvnodes tuning is based on my system usage, and yours may vary, so you can remove or comment out this option if you wish. The same goes for vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem. As for vfs.zfs.txg.write_limit_override, I strongly suggest you keep this commented out for starters; it effectively «rate limits» ZFS I/O, and this smooths out overall performance (otherwise I was seeing what appeared to be incredible network transfer speed, then the system would churn hard for quite some time on physical I/O, then fast network speed, physical I/O, etc… very «bursty», which I didn't want).

# Increase send/receive buffer maximums from 256KB to 16MB.
# FreeBSD 7.x and later will auto-tune the size, but only up to the max.
net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=16777216
net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=16777216

# Double send/receive TCP datagram memory allocation.  This defines the
# amount of memory taken up by default *per socket*.
net.inet.tcp.sendspace=65536
net.inet.tcp.recvspace=131072

# dirhash_maxmem defaults to 2097152 (2048KB).  dirhash_mem has reached
# this limit a few times, so we should increase dirhash_maxmem to
# something like 16MB (16384*1024).
vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=16777216

#
# ZFS tuning parameters
# NOTE: Be sure to see /boot/loader.conf for additional tunings
#

# Increase number of vnodes; we've seen vfs.numvnodes reach 115,000
# at times.  Default max is a little over 200,000.  Playing it safe...
kern.maxvnodes=250000

# Set TXG write limit to a lower threshold.  This helps "level out"
# the throughput rate (see "zpool iostat").  A value of 256MB works well
# for systems with 4GB of RAM, while 1GB works well for us w/ 8GB on
# disks which have 64MB cache.
vfs.zfs.txg.write_limit_override=1073741824

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